Skip to main content

Posts

HYPERTENSION (HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE)

HYPERTENSION  Hypertension is a very common disorder  particularly in past middle age..  Hypertension itself is not a disease, But a risk factor for cardiovascular mortality or mobility..  Hypertension is also known as (High Blood Pressure) .. Blood pressure is the force of  your blood pushing , against the wall of the artries..  The normal range of blood pressure is 120/80mmHg.. High Blood pressure or Hypertension is the condition, In which the blood vessels have persistently raised pressure .. Hypertension is a seriously mental health condition increased the risk of Stroke, brain, kidney and other problems ..  It is a major cause of premature death worldwide with upwards of 1 in 4 men and 1 in 5 women .. * What are the symptoms of hypertension   Dizziness   Highblood pressure   Nausea   Vomiting   Irregular heartbeat   Mental confusion *What causes Hypertension . High salt in you diet  .Family history of High blood pressure  .Stress  .Lack of physical exercise  .Excess us
Post a Comment
Read more
Recent posts

Top 10 best way to boosts immunity

(1)Avoid smoking  As we all know, smoking is one of the major cause of most of the diseases like cancer,Asthma and also it's the cause of weak immunity..  If you want to make your immune system strong ,you have to avoid smoking..  (2)Eat a diet high in fruit and vegetables  High fruit diet and green vegetables are very helpful in immunity boosting and they are also helpful to fight with many disease..  ( 3 ) Zinc  Zinc is one of the best mineral for immunity boosting .. (4)Drink lemon water and warm water  Lemon water is help to fight with many health problems .. " 1 galss of lemon water in a day avoid many health problems" Warm water is very helpful in problems like coughing ,sneezing.. Drink "1 glass warm water in a morning ,treats many of ur health issues" and make u feel energetic and relax..    (5) Spinach, citrus fruit  These are very helpful to boosts immunity  And also used in various other diseases.. 
Post a Comment
Read more

Best medication and treatment of Malaria

What is malaria?  Malaria is a disease caused by the plasmodium parasite, transmitted by the bite of infected mosquito .. There are four species of ( protozoal parasite Plasmodium) 'P. Falcipuram'   'P. Vivax'  'P. ovale'      'P. malariae' In india, the national malaria Eradication programe (NMEP)started in 1958,appears complete disappearance of the disease in 1960s to 0.1m cases in 1960.. The NMEP was renamed national antimalaria programme (NAMP) Which now is national vector bone disease control programme (NVBDCP) with a wider disease coverage.. What are the Symptoms of malaria ?  . Fever   . Fatigue   . Nausea   . Vomiting   . Headache   .Sweating   .Shivering  What are the Best Medicines for the treatment of malaria ? .Artemisin  .primaquine .Chloroquine  .Mefloquine .Artemether .Proguanil .Antifolate Anti-malarial therapy is given in the following forms - (A) Casual prophylaxis  The preerythrocytic phases(in liver )  Which
Post a Comment
Read more

Tuberculosis (TB)

Tuberculosis  Tuberculosis is a granulomatous(structure found during inflammation) chronic disease caused by the mycobacterium tuberculosis..  About 1/3rth of the world population with this disease.. In which 10-15% develop disease over life time..  India was the highest contributor with 2.2m cases in 2014.. In 2012,the government of india has declared TB to a notifiable disease,So that any doctor who treats a TB patients has to notify it to the government..  Medication used in tuberculosis  First line drugs   This drugs have high antitubercular efficacy as well as low toxicity are used routinely .. These are the most potent and tolerated best oral drugs  Example  . Isoniazid  .Ethambutol .pyrazinamide .Rifampin Second line drug   These drugs have either low antituberculae efficacy or higher toxicity or both and are used, when the first line drug cannot be used or to supplement them..  These are less effective and bacteriosattic /More toxic oral drug for resista
1 comment
Read more

Leprosy

Leprosy  Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by mycobacterium liprae.. It mainly affect your skin, mucus membrane..   It has been considered as incurable since ages.. But now due to availablity of some medication ,it is entirely curable  but deformities /defects already incurred may reserve .. According to WHO,Classified as 1-Paucibacillary leprosy - Patient has few bacilli and is non infectious  It includes the TT and BT types..  2-Multibacillary Leprosy -Pateint has large bacilli load and infectious.. It includes the LL, BL and BB types..  Classification of antileprotic drugs  (1)Sulfone -  Dapsone  (2)Phenazine derivative - Clofazimine  (3)Anti-tubercular- Rifampin, Ethionamide  (4)other antibiotics - ofloxazin Moxifloaxzin, Monocycline, Clarithrycin  Dapsone It is a diamo diphenyl sulfone..  It is a Simplest ,oldest, cheapest and most effective and commonly used class of sulfone..  Mechanism of action - It is related to sulfonamide and has the same mechanism
Post a Comment
Read more

Anti-anginal drugs (chest pain)

Angina (Ischemic angina)  It is a chest pain caused by reduced blood flow to the heart .. It is also called angina pectoris  Angina pectoris  It is a pain syndrome due to induction of an adverse oxygen supply/demand situation in a proportion of the myocardium.. Types of angina  (1)-Classical angina(Stable angina)  - Attacks are predicatbly provoked by exercise, ,eating cotious ..when the increased energy demand is withdrwan..  (2) - Varient /Prinzmetal/Vasopastic angina Attacks occur at rest during sleep and are unpredictables..  (3)-Unstable angina - Increase in duration and severity of attacks ,which may occur even during rest .. Mostly due to rupture of an antheromatous plaque attacking platelets. Classification of drugs - .Terminate attacks - Nitrates  .Used for chronic prophylaxis - other drugs    (1)- Nitrates   Nitrates dilate the veins more than artries, peripheral pooling of blood and decreased venus return (preload on heart reduced) end diastolic size
1 comment
Read more

Drug for cough

Cough It is protective reflex,and its a sudden expulsion of respiratory secretion and foreign particles from air passage..  It mainly occurs due to the stimulation of mechano or chemoreceptor in throat and respiratory passage..  Demulscent ( Agent that   Reliving pain and inflammation) Pharyngeal demulscent soothe the throat and reduce afferent impulses from the inflammed /irritated pharyngeal mucosa, thus provide sympatominetic relief in dry cough arising from throat..  Expectorant (Mucokinetics)  Thses are the drugs believed to increase bronchiol secretion or reduce its viscosity fascilating its removal by coughing..  Mucolytics drugs  . Bromhexine .Ambroxol  Acetylcysteine  .Carbocisteine Anti-tussive  Act in the CNS raise the threshold of cough centre or act peripherally in the respiratory tract to reduce tussal impulses or both tissue actions..  Opoid antitusive  .Codeine .Ethylmorphine Non opoid antitusive  .Noscapine (Narcotine) .Dextromethomorphone  .Chlophrnidol 
2 comments
Read more

Dexamethasone

Dexamethasone  Dexamethasone is a corticosteroid..   Very potent and highly selective glucocorticoid drug..  US researcher found that Dexamethasone can save patients from death due to corona virus (covid -19)..  Deaxamethasone cut the risk of death by 1/3 for those patient on ventilators and on oxygen it cut the death rate by 1/5 this study is given by' Peter hobby' student of oxford university.. Mode of action  Corticosteroids penetrate cell and binds to a high affinity cytoplasmic receptor complex that allow its migration and binding to glucocorticood response element (GRE) of specific mRNA..  It is long acting ,causes pitiutary  adrenal suppresion .. Dose   . 0.5-5mg/day (oral route)  .For edema cerbal 4-20mg/ day Uses  .It help to relieves in various parts of body  .It is used to treat swelling allergic reactions skin problems arthritis kidney..  .It is also used to treat certain type of cancers..  Adverese effect  Mineralocorticoid-  Sodium water retention, e
Post a Comment
Read more

Clinical trials

Clinical trials When the world is suffering from this pandemic and waiting for the vaccine, the researchers and scientist working hard to make covid-19 vaccine..  But all vaccine are in their phases of clinical trials.. After the successful completion of trials, vaccine is approved from higher authorities.. Before the clinincal trial, their is a preclinical trials In which the drug susbstance or sample,we made is tested on animals.. Only after the successful completion of preclinical trials..The drug sample is approved for clinical trials..  What is clinical trials?  The first proper clinical trial was conducted by the physician Linb.. Clinical trial is a systematic investigation in human subjects for evaluating the safety and efficacy of a new new drug substance..  There are 4 phases of clinical trials..     Phase 0   .Microdosing study    .Not been technally fully developed   . Nor mendatory    .Less than 1/100   .To obtain preliminary pharmacokinetic        data..  Phas
4 comments
Read more

Cardiac glycoside drug (Digoxin)

Digoxin It is the source of digitalis lonata..  Digoxin is a cardiac glycoside drug  And have cardiac inotropic property.. It contain aglycone part that are attached to one or more sugar(glucose or degitoxoce) ..  The aglycone part contain cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene Sterioid ring.. It is the only drug that are used to treat heart failure (Congestive heart failure) . .  Mode of action  Increases the contractality of the heart muscle, by inhibiting the activity of an enzyme (ATPase)  And controls the movement of calcium, sodium, potassium into heart muscle..  Increases cardiac output with a subsquent decreases in ventricular filling pressure..  Pharmacokinetic   Route - oral , iv Absorbed -60-80% Dose - 0.125-0.5% Protein binding -25% Elimination -35% Pharmacological actions  .Heart - Direct effect on myocardial         contractility  . Blood vessels -Decrease peripheral     resistance  . kidney -causes diuresis  . CNS - little effect on  Interactions  .Hypokelemia 
Post a Comment
Read more