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HYPERTENSION (HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE)

HYPERTENSION  Hypertension is a very common disorder  particularly in past middle age..  Hypertension itself is not a disease, But a risk factor for cardiovascular mortality or mobility..  Hypertension is also known as (High Blood Pressure) .. Blood pressure is the force of  your blood pushing , against the wall of the artries..  The normal range of blood pressure is 120/80mmHg.. High Blood pressure or Hypertension is the condition, In which the blood vessels have persistently raised pressure .. Hypertension is a seriously mental health condition increased the risk of Stroke, brain, kidney and other problems ..  It is a major cause of premature death worldwide with upwards of 1 in 4 men and 1 in 5 women .. * What are the symptoms of hypertension   Dizziness   Highblood pressure   Nausea   Vomiting   Irregular heartbeat   Mental confusion *What causes Hypertension . High salt in you...
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Leprosy

Leprosy 
Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by mycobacterium liprae..
It mainly affect your skin, mucus membrane..
 It has been considered as incurable since ages.. But now due to availablity of some medication ,it is entirely curable  but deformities /defects already incurred may reserve ..
According to WHO,Classified as
1-Paucibacillary leprosy -Patient has few bacilli and is non infectious 
It includes the TT and BT types.. 
2-Multibacillary Leprosy -Pateint has large bacilli load and infectious..
It includes the LL, BL and BB types.. 

Classification of antileprotic drugs 
(1)Sulfone - Dapsone 
(2)Phenazine derivative -Clofazimine 
(3)Anti-tubercular-Rifampin, Ethionamide 
(4)other antibiotics -ofloxazin Moxifloaxzin, Monocycline, Clarithrycin 

Dapsone
It is a diamo diphenyl sulfone.. 
It is a Simplest ,oldest, cheapest and most effective and commonly used class of sulfone.. 
Mechanism of action -It is related to sulfonamide and has the same mechanism of action.. 
Inhibition of PABA(pera amino acid) incorporation into folic acid by folate synthetase.. 
Antibacterial action of dapsone antagonised by PABA.. 
Pharmacokinetic 
.Orally administerd
.Completely absorbed 
.70%blund to plasma
Adverse effects 
.Anemia 
.Gastric intolerance 
.Nausea 
.Fever 

(2)Clofazamine-
 It is a dye with leprostatic and anti-     inflammatory properties.. 
.Interfere with templete function of DNA in M.Liprae
.Alteration of membrane structure and its    transport function.. 
.Disruption of mitochondria electron   transport chain.. 
And its a component of multi drug therapy of leprosy,when it used alone its clinical effect is slower than dapsone.   
Pharmacokinetic 
.Orally active 
.40-70% absorbed 
Adverse effects 
.Skin problems 
.Gastric intolerance 
.Abdominal pain 
.Weight loss 

(3)Rifampin-
It is a important tubercular drug is also the most potent cidal for M.liprae
It rapidly renders leprosy patients contagious..
Clinical effects of rimfampin are very rapid..It is not satisfactory if used alone  Rifampin has been included in MDT (Multi drug therapy) of leprosy ..

(4)Ofloaxacin
These are highly effective aginast M. Lipare ..
Clinically ,It has been used  the largest extent.. 
It is cidal to one liprae and in one study 
Over 99.999%bacteria were killed by 22 daily doses of ofloaxcin..  

Some important points 
.World over the case of leorosy was -12  million before introduction of MDT
.In india a total of 13.05 million patient of leprosy have been treated and cured by ,with very few relapses cases from the introduction of MDT in 1982till march 2016
.India achieved elimination of leprosy as a public health problems by the use of MDT 
.Prevalence of leprae reaction has not increased due to use of MDT.. 
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