HYPERTENSION Hypertension is a very common disorder particularly in past middle age.. Hypertension itself is not a disease, But a risk factor for cardiovascular mortality or mobility.. Hypertension is also known as (High Blood Pressure) .. Blood pressure is the force of your blood pushing , against the wall of the artries.. The normal range of blood pressure is 120/80mmHg.. High Blood pressure or Hypertension is the condition, In which the blood vessels have persistently raised pressure .. Hypertension is a seriously mental health condition increased the risk of Stroke, brain, kidney and other problems .. It is a major cause of premature death worldwide with upwards of 1 in 4 men and 1 in 5 women .. * What are the symptoms of hypertension Dizziness Highblood pressure Nausea Vomiting Irregular heartbeat Mental confusion *What causes Hypertension . High salt in you diet .Family history of High blood pressure .Stress .Lack of physical exercise .Excess us
Tuberculosis is a granulomatous(structure found during inflammation) chronic disease caused by the mycobacterium tuberculosis..
About 1/3rth of the world population with this disease.. In which 10-15% develop disease over life time..
India was the highest contributor with 2.2m cases in 2014..
In 2012,the government of india has declared TB to a notifiable disease,So that any doctor who treats a TB patients has to notify it to the government..
Medication used in tuberculosis
First line drugs
This drugs have high antitubercular efficacy as well as low toxicity are used routinely ..
These are the most potent and tolerated best oral drugs
Example
. Isoniazid
.Ethambutol
.pyrazinamide
.Rifampin
Second line drug
These drugs have either low antituberculae efficacy or higher toxicity or both and are used, when the first line drug cannot be used or to supplement them..
These are less effective and bacteriosattic /More toxic oral drug for resistant for TB.
.Ethionamide
.Rifabutin
.Ofloxacin
.PASA(Pera amino saliyclic acid)
(a) Injectable drugs
These are potent and bactericidal ,but injectable drugs
.Streptomycin
.Kanamycin
.Amikacin
.Capreomycin
(b) Flauroquinolines
Well tolerated bactericidal oral drugs, all resistant TB should receive one FQ..
.Ofloxacin
.Levofloxacin
.Ciprofloxacin
.Moxifloxacin
Unclear efficacy drug
Drugs with uncertain efficacy,not recommended for MDR-TBmay be used as a reserve drugs
.Bedaquiline
.Clarithromycin
.Clofazimine
.Linezolid
Treatment
The therapy of tuberculosis has undergose remarkable changes
The 'conventional'18-24 months treatment was abonded in the 1990s and more effective as well as less toxic 6 (short coarce) treatment was introduced which also yieldsd higher completion rates
Short course chemotherapy
The WHO introduced 6-8 month multi drug coarse regimens in19995 under the DOTS programe..
Multidrug resistance tuberculosis (MDR-TB)
Multidrug resistance tuberculosis
It has a more rapid course with worse outcomes ..Its treatment require complex multiple 2nd line drugs regimens which are longer in duration ,more expensive and more toxic
In india MDR-Tb cases and 12-17% of retreatment cases in different states..
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